SELECT * FROM
SELECT DISTINCT FROM
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM
SELECT MAX() FROM
SELECT MIN() FROM
SELECT AVG() FROM
SELECT SUM() FROM
WHERE
AND OR NOT
IS NULL
IS NOT NULL
LIKE
IN
BETWEEN
AS
INNER JOIN
LEFT JOIN
RIGHT JOIN
FULL OUTER JOIN
ON
USING
INSERT INTO
VALUES
UPDATE
SET
DELETE FROM
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
DROP TABLE
TRUNCATE TABLE
GROUP BY
HAVING
ORDER BY
ASC DESC
LIMIT
OFFSET
UNION
UNION ALL
EXISTS
CASE
WHEN THEN
ELSE END
SELECT user_id, order_date
FROM orders
WHERE order_date > '2023-01-01'
ORDER BY order_date DESC
LIMIT 100;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.05
WHERE department = 'Sales'
AND performance_rating >= 4.5;
SELECT
department,
AVG(salary) AS avg_salary,
COUNT(*) AS headcount
FROM employees
WHERE hire_date BETWEEN '2018-01-01' AND '2023-12-31'
GROUP BY department
HAVING AVG(salary) > 8000
ORDER BY headcount DESC;
SELECT
o.order_id,
c.customer_name,
p.product_name
FROM orders o
INNER JOIN customers c
ON o.customer_id = c.customer_id
LEFT JOIN products p
USING (product_id)
WHERE p.category IN ('Electronics', 'Books')
AND o.order_status = 'Completed';
SELECT employee_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
SELECT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location = 'New York'
)
AND salary > (
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
);
WITH sales_cte AS (
SELECT
product_id,
SUM(quantity * unit_price) AS total_sales
FROM order_details
WHERE EXTRACT(YEAR FROM order_date) = 2023
GROUP BY product_id
)
SELECT
p.product_name,
c.category_name,
s.total_sales,
RANK() OVER (ORDER BY s.total_sales DESC) sales_rank
FROM sales_cte s
JOIN products p USING (product_id)
JOIN categories c ON p.category_id = c.category_id
WHERE c.category_name NOT LIKE '%Discontinued%'
HAVING total_sales > 10000
ORDER BY sales_rank ASC
LIMIT 20 OFFSET 0;
SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT
FROM FROM FROM FROM
WHERE WHERE WHERE WHERE
AND AND AND AND
OR OR OR OR
JOIN JOIN JOIN JOIN
ON ON ON ON
GROUP BY GROUP BY
ORDER BY ORDER BY
INSERT INTO INSERT INTO
UPDATE UPDATE
DELETE DELETE
* . , = > < >= <= <> !=
' " ( ) % ;
+ - * / ||
